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The Fountain of Youth is a mythical spring that restores the youth of anyone who drinks or bathes in its waters. Summaries A prophecy predicts that a resourceful man (MacGyver) from the west follows another man (Jack Dalton) to an Ammukash Valley that is supposed to hold the Fountain of Youth. The Valley is, in MacGyver's own words, 'Kabulstan, a very hostile third world country that does not like strangers'. Here's TimeformUS Analyst David Aragona with a look at the G2 Fountain of Youth Stakes in this Derby Prep segment on #DRFTV #KentuckyDerby2020 #KentuckyDerb.
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Hidden Expedition | |
---|---|
Genre(s) | Hidden Object Puzzle Adventure |
Developer(s) | Big Fish Games (1-5) Flood Light Games (5) Eipix Entertainment (6-18) Domini Games (19-present) |
Publisher(s) | Big Fish Games |
Platform(s) | Windows, Mac OS X, iOS, Kindle, Android |
First release | Hidden Expedition: Titanic July 22, 2006 |
Latest release | Hidden Expedition: Reign of Flames November 19, 2020 |
Hidden Expedition is a series of single-playerhidden objectcasual games developed by the internal studios of Big Fish Games for the first five installments (using Big Fish Games Framework as the engine, and with the help of Flood Light Games in the 5th game), and by Eipix Entertainment for all subsequent installments. Two latest installment was developed by Domini Games. As of 2018, a total of seventeen games in the series have been released. The Hidden Expedition series marks the second major hidden object game brand from Big Fish Games. The second game in the series, Hidden Expedition: Everest, would go on to be the first game Big Fish released on the iPhone.
Games[edit]
Title | Released | Platform |
---|---|---|
Big Fish Games | ||
Hidden Expedition: Titanic | July 19, 2006 | Windows, MacOS, iOS |
Hidden Expedition: Everest | June 1, 2007 | |
Hidden Expedition: Amazon | June 20, 2008 | Windows, MacOS, iOS, Amazon Kindle, Android |
Hidden Expedition: Devil's Triangle | October 24, 2009 | |
Big Fish Games, Flood Light Games | ||
Hidden Expedition: The Uncharted Islands | August 14, 2011 | Windows, MacOS |
Eipix Entertainment | ||
Hidden Expedition: Smithsonian Hope Diamond | December 20, 2013 | Windows, MacOS, iOS, Android |
Hidden Expedition: The Crown of Solomon | July 14, 2014 | |
Hidden Expedition: Smithsonian Castle | December 24, 2014 | |
Hidden Expedition: Dawn of Prosperity | August 27, 2015 | |
Hidden Expedition: Fountain of Youth | January 7, 2016 | |
Hidden Expedition: Midgard's End | June 2, 2016. | |
Hidden Expedition: The Eternal Emperor | September 2, 2016 | |
Hidden Expedition: The Lost Paradise | December 22, 2016 | Windows, MacOS, iOS |
Hidden Expedition: The Pearl of Discord | April 08, 2017 | |
Hidden Expedition: The Curse of Mithridates | October 28, 2017 | Windows, MacOS |
Hidden Expedition: The Golden Secret | February 10, 2018 | |
Hidden Expedition: The Altar of Lies | July 21, 2018 | |
Hidden Expedition: Neptune's Gift | April.26, 2019 | |
Domini Games | ||
Hidden Expedition: The Price of Paradise | July 25, 2020 | Windows, MacOS, iOS |
Hidden Expedition: Reign of Flames | November 19, 2020 | |
Hidden Expedition: A King's Line | Future in 2021 |
Big Fish Games (2006—2009)[edit]
Hidden Expedition: Titanic[edit]
Hidden Expedition: Titanic was released on July 22, 2006 for Windows. It was released to iOS for the iPhone and iPod Touch on August 1, 2009.[1]
In this game, the player takes on the role of a treasure hunter working for the Hidden Expedition Adventure League (H.E.A.L.) to investigate the wreckage of the ocean liner Titanic. The Titanic Museum Foundation has discovered a rare artifact - the Queen's jeweled crown - was on the ship and have hired H.E.A.L. to retrieve it, as well as any other pieces that may be of value to the museum. Players have a limited time to search hidden object scenes in each area of the ship, or their oxygen will run out.
The game's music was composed by Jean-Marc Lederman.
According to independent tracking site game-sales-charts.com, following its release on July 19, 2006, Hidden Expedition: Everest climbed into the top 10 on nearly every major casual game distribution site. Moreover, it held the #1 sales spot on 11 of these sites.[2]
Hidden Expedition: Everest[edit]
Hidden Expedition: Everest was released on June 1, 2007. As a member of the Hidden Expedition Club, the player is trying to reach the top of Mount Everest ahead of three competing expedition clubs. But first the player must find a mysterious adventurer who can help them find a hidden passage up. This leads the player through a variety of locations in Latin America, Europe, and Asia before ending at Mount Everest.
The game features a likeness of world-famous mountaineer and Mount Everest climber, Ed Viesturs as an assistant who provides players with guidance on various locations. Viesturs was involved in the actual development of the game, along with National Geographic Ventures, which worked with Big Fish Games to incorporate some of 'National Geographic's rich repository of video, photos, stories and other editorial from previous Everest expeditions and from National Geographic's incredible collection of exploration and adventure content' into the gameplay.[3]
An iOS version was released on May 14, 2009. This marked Big Fish Game's first foray into making games targeted at the then-emerging iPhone market.[4] Lead Artist Shawn Wood and Lead Programmer Tyson Chihaya were given the job of remaking the game for the iOS platform.[4] Due to the series' popularity and it being Big Fish's first iPhone game, Woods noted they 'felt a bit of pressure to get it right.'[4] The team started by first playing through the PC version to determine what elements would need to be changed due to the differences in PC gaming and the iPhone, as well as to see what improvements could be made.[4] They then had to deconstruct the original code and rewrite it, as the PC games were made with Adobe Flash and Adobe Director, while the iOS game would need to be written in Objective-C.[4]
The significantly smaller screen of an iPhone resulted in the team having to redesign the buttons and hidden object scenes. Many of the original objects were too small to find once the pictures were rescaled to the 320x480 size, resulting in the scenes and some mini-games having to be changed.[4] The team also leveraged the iPhone touch controls and zooming capabilities to render the scenes into a usable form.[4]
According to Big Fish, upon release the game quickly rose to the top of the iPhone sales charts and was rated 4 out of 5 stars by users.[4] With the success of this game, Big Fish was committed to continuing to release games for the iPhone and iOS.[4]
Hidden Expedition: Amazon[edit]
Hidden Expedition: Amazon was released on June 20, 2008 for Windows. Two years after, on April 2, 2010, a version was released for iOS devices, including the iPad, iPhone, and iPod Touch.[5] This version adds a multiplayer mode, allowing two players to compete against each other in a split-screen mode and integrates OpenFeint's award system.[5] The vice president of Big Fish Games Studios, Patrict Wylie, stated that these changes 'transforms the device into a modern board game'.[5] A black-and-white version for Amazon Kindle followed on July 28, 2011. It is also available on Kindle.
In this entry in the series, the player assumes the role of a member of the Hidden Expedition Adventure Club who goes to look for some folks who went missing in the Amazon, including their friend and a biologist. The game's music and sound effects were produced by SomaTone Interactive Audio.
The iOS versions of the game were selected as a free 'Pick of the Week' by Starbucks on October 30, 2012, meaning Starbucks gave away free cards that could be used to purchase the game in the Apple App Store.[6]
Hidden Expedition: Devil's Triangle[edit]
Hidden Expedition: Devil's Triangle was released on October 24, 2009. As the leader of the Hidden Expedition Adventure Team (H.E.A.T.), the player must search for a pilot who disappeared in the Bermuda Triangle.
Big Fish Games, Flood Light Games (2011)[edit]
Hidden Expedition: The Uncharted Islands[edit]
Hidden Expedition: The Uncharted Islands is the fifth game in the series, developed with Flood Light Games. The Collector's Edition of the game was released on PC on August 14, 2011 with a Mac edition following.[7] A sequel to Devil's Triangle, the game's main character attempts to leave the islands only to find themselves crash-landing on a previously undiscovered set of islands in the Bermuda Triangle. The player must search for a dangerous pirate who is also trying to escape the islands with stolen treasure.[7]
A Standard Edition of the game was released later in 2011. The Collector's Edition differs from the regular version in that it includes extra gameplay, a built-in strategy guide, concept art, and computer wallpapers.[7]
Eipix Entertainment (2013—2019)[edit]
Hidden Expedition: Smithsonian Hope Diamond[edit]
Hidden Expedition: Smithsonian Hope Diamond Collector's Edition was released on December 20, 2013 for PC and Mac (later also released for iOS and Android), and is the sixth game in the series. Players take on the role of a new recruit for the Hidden Expedition League of Preservation (H.E.L.P.) team who is tasked with finding missing shards of the Hope Diamond before a gang of thieves do.[8] This is the first game of the series to be developed by Eipix Entertainment, who have been put in charge of developing all future sequels. In creating the game, Big Fish and Eipix were aided by the National Museum of Natural History, a part of the Smithsonian Institution. According to Big Fish Games, this was the first such video game collaboration for the Smithsonian.[8]
Hidden Expedition: The Crown of Solomon[edit]
Hidden Expedition: The Crown of Solomon is the seventh game in the series. The Collector's Edition of the game was released on July 14, 2014 for PC and Mac, and later also made available for iOS and Android. The expedition continues as the player tracks down the fragments of King Solomon's crown and foils a madman's plot. In order to piece together the most powerful crown in history the player must travel around the world and prevent the fragments from falling into the wrong hands.
Hidden Expedition: Smithsonian Castle[edit]
Hidden Expedition: Smithsonian Castle is the eighth game in the series. The Collector's Edition of the game was released on December 24, 2014 for PC and Mac, and later also made available for iOS and Android. It is the second game in the series developed in cooperation with the Smithsonian Institution. The adventure takes us back to the Smithsonian to uncover a mystery that dates all the way back to the founding of the institution. The player will have to dig deep into the Smithsonian's history to find the answers to the unusual and mysterious events of the present.
Hidden Expedition: Dawn of Prosperity[edit]
Hidden Expedition: Dawn of Prosperity is the ninth game in the series. The Collector's Edition was released on August 27, 2015 for PC and Mac. A series of mysterious earthquakes in Montana, aligned with unusual activity in a long-abandoned science facility nearby, forces H.E.L.P. to send its operatives to investigate the events. It soon turns out that the suspicious activity is not coincidental, but a part of a mastermind's sinister plans threatening to bring devastation on a grand scale.
Hidden Expedition: Fountain of Youth[edit]
Hidden Expedition: Fountain of Youth is the tenth game in the series. The Collector's Edition of the game was released on January 7, 2016 for PC and Mac. The player is on a mission to discover what happened with their H.E.L.P. colleagues who went to oversee a restoration of an archaeological site of Sigiriya, Sri Lanka. What looked like a case of jammed communication turns out to be an extraordinary adventure.
Hidden Expedition: Midgard's End[edit]
Hidden Expedition: Midgard's End is the eleventh game in the series. The Collector's Edition was released on June 2, 2016.
Hidden Expedition: The Eternal Emperor[edit]
Hidden Expedition: The Eternal Emperor is the twelfth game in the series. The Collector's Edition was released on September 2, 2016. A dig site uncovers the tomb of Emperor Qin Shi Huang, founder of the Qin dynasty and first emperor of a unified China. H.E.L.P. sends the player and their trusty partner Sam to watch over the exploration of Qin's tomb and ensure that all who enter come out alive. Things turn sour in the tomb, however, and what was to be a fun adventure of the final resting place of Qin quickly turns into a chase through Asia to stop a madman from world domination- just a regular Tuesday for a seasoned H.E.L.P. agent.
Hidden Expedition: The Lost Paradise[edit]
Hidden Expedition: The Lost Paradise is the thirteenth game in the series. The demo version was released on October 1, 2016. Collector's Edition version was released on December 22, 2016.
Hidden Expedition: The Pearl of Discord[edit]
Hidden Expedition: The Pearl of Discord is the fourteenth game in the series. The game was released on April 08, 2017
Hidden Expedition: The Curse of Mithridates[edit]
Hidden Expedition: The Curse of Mithridates is the 15th game in the series. The game was released on October 28, 2017.
Hidden Expedition: The Golden Secret[edit]
Hidden Expedition: The Golden Secret is the 16th game in the series. The game was released on February 10, 2018.
Hidden Expedition: The Altar of Lies[edit]
Hidden Expedition: The Altar of Lies is the 17th game in this series. The game was released on July 21, 2018.
Hidden Expedition: Neptune's Gift[edit]
Hidden Expedition: Neptune's Gift is the 18th game in the series. The Collector's Edition version was released on April.26, 2019.
Domini Games (2020—present)[edit]
Hidden Expedition: The Price of Paradise[edit]
Hidden Expedition: The Price of Paradise is the 19th game of the series. This is the first game of the series developed by Domini Games, and has one of the lowest user ratings and sales of any game in the series., The game was released on July 25, 2020.
Hidden Expedition: Reign of Flames[edit]
Hidden Expedition: Reign of Flames is the 20th game of the series, it was released on November 19, 2020.
The Fountain Of Youth Spa
Hidden Expedition: A King's Line[edit]
Hidden Expedition: A King's Line will be the 21st game of the series...
Acronyms used[edit]
In the series, several fictional organisations are mentioned, all of which use acronyms that contain the letters 'H' and 'E' (which stand for 'Hidden Expedition' in all instances).
- H.E.A.L. - Hidden Expedition Adventure League (in Hidden Expedition: Titanic, Hidden Expedition: Everest & Hidden Expedition: Amazon)
- H.E.A.T. - Hidden Expedition Adventure Team (in Hidden Expedition: Devil's Triangle & Hidden Expedition: The Uncharted Islands)
- H.E.L.P. - Hidden Expedition League of Preservation (from Hidden Expedition: Smithsonian Hope Diamond, to the present games)
Merchandise[edit]
In August 2011, Big Fish Games released 1000 piece jigsaw puzzles for the first three games in the series. The puzzles were made in partnership with the puzzle company Ceaco.[9]
References[edit]
- ^Murphy, Conor (August 1, 2009). 'Hidden Expedition: Titanic Available for the iPhone'. Big Fish Blog. Big Fish Games. Archived from the original on 21 December 2013. Retrieved 21 December 2013.
- ^'Hidden Expedition: Titanic Games Sales Chart'. Game-Sales-Charts.com. 2008-01-01. Retrieved 2008-01-01.
- ^'Big Fish to Create Two Casual Games For National Geographic Ventures'. GameShark.com. 2007-07-17. Archived from the original on 2008-10-06. Retrieved 2007-12-18.
- ^ abcdefghiMurphy, Conor (May 14, 2009). 'iPhone Games From Big Fish Games'. Big Fish Blog. Big Fish Games. Retrieved 21 December 2013.
- ^ abcMurphy, Conor (April 2, 2010). 'Hidden Expedition: Amazon Available for iPad, iPhone, and iPod touch'. Big Fish Blog. Big Fish Games. Archived from the original on 21 December 2013. Retrieved 21 December 2013.
- ^Murphy, Conor (July 28, 2011). 'This Week's Starbucks Pick is Hidden Expedition: Amazon!'. Big Fish Blog. Big Fish Games. Retrieved 21 December 2013.
- ^ abcMurphy, Conor (August 14, 2011). 'Hidden Expedition: The Uncharted Islands Collector's Edition Now Available'. Big Fish Blog. Big Fish Games. Archived from the original on 21 December 2013. Retrieved 21 December 2013.
- ^ abSachs, Jessica. ''Hidden Expedition: Smithsonian Hope Diamond' is Yours to Have in Your House!'. Big Fish Games Blog. Big Fish Games. Retrieved 20 December 2013.
- ^Murphy, Conor (August 16, 2011). 'Announcing Hidden Expedition Jigsaw Puzzles'. Big Fish Games Blog. Big Fish Games. Archived from the original on 21 December 2013. Retrieved 20 December 2013.
External links[edit]
The Fountain Of Youth Mac Os Catalina
- Big Fish Games and National Geographic Team up to Take Consumers to Mount Everest and to Paris, France - BusinessWire.com
- National Geographic Distributes Video Games - InformationWeek.com
The Fountain of Youth is a mythical spring that restores the youth of anyone who drinks or bathes in its waters. Tales of such a fountain have been recounted around the world for thousands of years, appearing in the writings of Herodotus (5th century BC), the Alexander romance (3rd century AD), and the stories of Prester John (early Crusades, 11th/12th centuries AD). Stories of similar waters were also prominent among the people of the Caribbean during the Age of Exploration (early 16th century), who spoke of the restorative powers of the water in the mythical land of Bimini. Based on these many legends, explorers and adventurers looked for the elusive Fountain of Youth or some other remedy to aging, generally associated with magic waters. These waters might have been a river, a spring, or any other water source that was said to reverse the aging process and cure sickness when drunk or bathed in.
The legend became particularly prominent in the 16th century when it was attached to Spanish explorer Juan Ponce de León, first Governor of Puerto Rico. Ponce de León was supposedly searching for the Fountain of Youth when he traveled to Florida in 1513. Legend has it that Ponce de León was told by Native Americans that the Fountain of Youth was in Bimini.
Early accounts[edit]
Herodotus mentions a fountain containing a special kind of water in the land of the Macrobians, which gives the Macrobians their exceptional longevity.
The Ichthyophagid then in their turn questioned the king concerning the term of life, and diet of his people, and were told that most of them lived to be a hundred and twenty years old, while some even went beyond that age—they ate boiled flesh, and had for their drink nothing but milk. When the Ichthyophagi showed wonder at the number of the years, he led them to a fountain, wherein when they had washed, they found their flesh all glossy and sleek, as if they had bathed in oil- and a scent came from the spring like that of violets. The water was so weak, they said, that nothing would float in it, neither wood, nor any lighter substance, but all went to the bottom. If the account of this fountain be true, it would be their constant use of the water from it which makes them so long-lived.[1]
A story of the 'Water of Life' appears in the Eastern versions of the Alexander romance, which describes Alexander the Great and his servant crossing the Land of Darkness to find the restorative spring. The servant in that story is in turn derived from Middle Eastern legends of Al-Khidr, a sage who appears also in the Qur'an. Arabic and Aljamiado versions of the Alexander Romance were very popular in Spain during and after the period of Moorish rule, and would have been known to the explorers who journeyed to America. These earlier accounts inspired the popular medieval fantasy The Travels of Sir John Mandeville, which also mentions the Fountain of Youth as located at the foot of a mountain outside Polombe (modern Kollam[2]) in India.[3] Due to the influence of these tales, the Fountain of Youth legend was popular in courtly Gothic art, appearing for example on the ivory Casket with Scenes of Romances (Walters 71264) and several ivory mirror-cases, and remained popular through the European Age of Exploration.[4]
European iconography is fairly consistent, as the Cranach painting and mirror-case Fons Juventutis (The Fountain of Youth) from 200 years earlier demonstrate: old people, often carried, enter at left, strip, and enter a pool that is as large as space allows. The people in the pool are youthful and naked, and after a while they leave it, and are shown fashionably dressed enjoying a courtly party, sometimes including a meal.
There are countless indirect sources for the tale as well. Eternal youth is a gift frequently sought in myth and legend, and stories of things such as the philosopher's stone, universal panaceas, and the elixir of life are common throughout Eurasia and elsewhere.[5]
An additional inspiration may have been taken from the account of the Pool of Bethesda where a paralytic man was healed in the Gospel of John. In the possibly interpolatedJohn 5:2–4, the pool is said to be periodically stirred by an angel, upon which the first person to step into the water would be healed of whatever afflicted him or her.
Bimini[edit]
According to legend, the Spanish heard of Bimini from the Arawaks in Hispaniola, Cuba, and Puerto Rico. The Caribbean islanders described a mythical land of Beimeni or Beniny (whence Bimini), a land of wealth and prosperity, which became conflated with the fountain legend. By the time of Ponce de Leon, the land was thought to be located northwest towards the Bahamas (called la Vieja during the Ponce expedition). The natives were probably referring to the area occupied by the Maya.[4] This land also became confused with the Boinca or Boyuca mentioned by Juan de Solis, although Solis's navigational data placed it in the Gulf of Honduras. It was this Boinca that originally held a legendary fountain of youth, rather than Bimini itself.[4]Sequene, an Arawak chief from Cuba, purportedly was unable to resist the lure of Bimini and its restorative fountain. He gathered a troupe of adventurers and sailed north, never to return.
Found within the salt water mangrove swamp that covers 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) of the shoreline of North Bimini is The Healing Hole, a pool that lies at the end of a network of winding tunnels. During outgoing tides, these channels pump cool, mineral-laden fresh water into the pool. Because this well was carved out of the limestone rock by ground water thousands of years ago it is especially high in calcium and magnesium.[citation needed] Magnesium, which has been shown to improve longevity and reproductive health,[6][7] is present in large quantities in the sea water.[8] While it is not known whether any legend about healing waters was widespread among the indigenous peoples of the Caribbean, the Italian-born chronicler Peter Martyr attached such a story drawn from ancient and medieval European sources to his account of the 1514 voyage of Juan Diaz de Solis in a letter to the pope in 1516, though he did not believe the stories and was dismayed that so many others did.[9][10]
Ponce de León[edit]
In the 16th century the story of the Fountain of Youth became attached to the biography of the conquistadorJuan Ponce de León. As attested by his royal charter, Ponce de León was charged with discovering the land of Beniny.[4] Although the indigenous peoples were probably describing the land of the Maya in Yucatán, the name—and legends about Boinca's fountain of youth—became associated with the Bahamas instead. However, Ponce de León did not mention the fountain in any of his writings throughout the course of his expedition.[4]
Ponce de Leon and the Fountain of Youth are mentioned in Nathaniel Hawthorne's short story, 'Dr. Heidegger's Experiment.' Heidegger situates 'the famous Fountain of Youth, if I am rightly informed...in the southern part of the Floridian peninsula, not far from Lake Macaco. Its source is overshadowed by several gigantic magnolias, which, though numberless centuries old, have been kept as fresh as violets by the virtues of this wonderful water.'
The connection was made in Gonzalo Fernández de Oviedo y Valdés's Historia general y natural de las Indias of 1535,[11] in which he wrote that Ponce de León was looking for the waters of Bimini to regain youthfulness.[12] Some researchers have suggested that Oviedo's account may have been politically inspired to generate favor in the courts.[4] A similar account appears in Francisco López de Gómara's Historia general de las Indias of 1551.[13] In the Memoir of Hernando d'Escalante Fontaneda in 1575, the author places the restorative waters in Florida and mentions de León looking for them there; his account influenced Antonio de Herrera y Tordesillas' unreliable history of the Spanish in the New World.[14] Fontaneda had spent seventeen years as an Indian captive after being shipwrecked in Florida as a boy. In his Memoir he tells of the curative waters of a lost river he calls 'Jordan' and refers to de León looking for it. However, Fontaneda makes it clear he is skeptical about these stories he includes, and says he doubts de León was actually looking for the fabled stream when he came to Florida.[14]
Herrera makes that connection definite in the romanticized version of Fontaneda's story included in his Historia general de los hechos de los Castellanos en las islas y tierra firme del Mar Oceano. Herrera states that local caciques paid regular visits to the fountain. A frail old man could become so completely restored that he could resume 'all manly exercises … take a new wife and beget more children.' Herrera adds that the Spaniards had unsuccessfully searched every 'river, brook, lagoon or pool' along the Florida coast for the legendary fountain.[15]
Fountain of Youth Archaeological Park[edit]
The city of St. Augustine, Florida, is home to the Fountain of Youth Archaeological Park, a tribute to the spot where Ponce de León was supposed to have landed according to promotional literature, although there is no historical or archaeological evidence to support the claim. There were several instances of the property being used as an attraction as early as the 1860s; the tourist attraction in its present form was created by Luella Day McConnell in 1904. Having abandoned her practice as a physician in Chicago and gone to the Yukon during the Klondike gold rush of the 1890s, she purchased the Park property in 1904 from Henry H. Williams, a British horticulturalist, with cash and diamonds, for which she became known in St. Augustine as 'Diamond Lil'.
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Around the year 1909 she began advertising the attraction, charging admission, and selling post cards and water from a well dug in 1875 for Williams by Philip Gomez and Philip Capo.[16][17] McConnell later claimed to have 'discovered' on the grounds a large cross made of coquina rock, asserting it was placed there by Ponce de León himself. She continued to fabricate stories to amuse and appall the city's residents and tourists until her death in a car accident in 1927.
Walter B. Fraser, a transplant from Georgia who managed McConnell's attraction, then bought the property and made it one of the state's most successful tourist attractions.[18] The first archaeological digs at the Fountain of Youth were performed in 1934 by the Smithsonian Institution. These digs revealed a large number of Christianized Timucua burials. These burials eventually pointed to the Park as the location of the first Christian mission in the United States. Called the Mission Nombre de Dios, this mission was begun by Franciscan friars in 1587. Succeeding decades have seen the unearthing of items which positively identify the Park as the location of Pedro Menéndez de Avilés's 1565 settlement of St. Augustine, the oldest continuously inhabited European settlement in North America. The park currently exhibits native and colonial artifacts to celebrate St. Augustine's Timucua and Spanish heritage.
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^Herodotus, Book III: 23
- ^Kohanski, Tamarah & Benson, C. David (Eds.) The Book of John Mandeville. Medieval Institute Publications (Kalamazoo), 2007. 'Indexed Glossary of Proper Names'. Accessed 24 Sept 2011.
- ^Mandeville, John. The Travels of Sir John Mandeville. Accessed 24 Sept 2011.
- ^ abcdefPeck, Douglas T. 'Misconceptions and Myths Related to the Fountain of Youth and Juan Ponce de Leon's 1513 Exploration Voyage'(PDF). New World Explorers, Inc. Archived from the original(PDF) on 2008-04-09. Retrieved 2008-04-03.
- ^Zorea, Aharon (2017). Finding the Fountain of Youth: The Science and Controversy Behind Extending Life and Cheating Death. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. pp. 35–39. ISBN978-1440837982.
- ^Epidemiology OF Water Magnesium; Evidence of Contributions to Health Mildred S. Seelig, M.D., M.P.H., Master of American College of Nutrition; Adjunct Professor of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (in Press: Proceedings of Mg Symposium, Vichy, France 2000)
- ^Motta R, Louis JP, Frank G, Henrotte JG (1998). 'Unexpected association between reproductive longevity and blood magnesium levels in a new model of selected mouse strains'. Growth, Development, and Aging. 62 (1–2): 37–45. PMID9666355.
- ^'Archived copy'. Archived from the original on 2016-07-25. Retrieved 2016-07-29.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
- ^Pedro Mártir de Angleria. Decadas de Nuevo Mundo, Decada 2, chapter X.
- ^Douglas T. Peck, 'Anatomy of a Historical Fantasy,' Revista de Historia de America 123 (1998): p. 69y
- ^Fernández de Oviedo y Valdés, Gonzalo (1851) [1535]. José Amador de los Ríos (ed.). Historia general y natural de las Indias. Miguel de Cervantes Virtual Library. Madrid: La Real Academia de la Historia. Retrieved 2020-07-15.
- ^Fernández de Oviedo y Valdés, Gonzalo (1851) [1535]. 'XVI'. In José Amador de los Ríos (ed.). Historia general y natural de las Indias. Miguel de Cervantes Virtual Library. Madrid: La Real Academia de la Historia. pp. 482–485. Retrieved 2020-07-15.
- ^Francisco López de Gómara. Historia general de las Indias, second part.
- ^ ab'Fontaneda's Memoir'. Translation by Buckingham Smith, 1854. From keyshistory.org. Retrieved July 14, 2006.
- ^Samuel Eliot Morison, The European Discovery of America: The Southern Voyages 1492–1616 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1974), p. 504.
- ^Sujin Kim; Robert 0. Jones (April 29, 2016). 'National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Summary'(PDF). nps.gov. National Park Service. p. 3. Retrieved 12 June 2018.
- ^Harold Ballou; Roger W. Toll. 'Proposed Fountain of Youth Monument to the 72nd Congress'(PDF). pp. 6–7.
Presumably, Ponce de Leon's first landing was north of St. Augustine and south of Jacksonville. The exact spot of the landing will probably never be known. The claim that the actual site of the landing has been definitely established at the Fountain of Youth Park seems unsupported by satisfactory evidence. The Fountain of Youth seems to be a well, not a spring, and to be without authenticated historical importance. One gets the impression that an effort is made to give the tourists their money's worth and to popularize history with such revisions as will best serve the gate receipts, and that in so doing historical accuracy has suffered.
- ^James C. Clark (23 September 2014). A Concise History of Florida. Arcadia Publishing Incorporated. p. 22. ISBN978-1-62585-153-6.
External links[edit]
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